The metropolitan prefecture”.( Irokawa Daikichi, 1985; 54-55) (The idea

Topic: DesignArchitecture
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Last updated: August 8, 2019

The transition from Tokugawa to Meiji set the courseof Japan’s development in recent centuries. With the reunification of thecountry in 1600, the emergence of modern political institutions and acceleratedeconomic growth after World War II, the Tokugawa-Meiji is the key to anunderstanding of social and economic change from the seventeenth century to thepresent.The Meiji restauration is known as one of theturning points of the Japanese history, because contributed to make Japan themost powerful Asian country.The Meiji emperor wasre-established as head of Japan in 1968. At the time, the nation was very poormilitary, the primary sector of the economy was agriculture and thetechnological progress was very little.

 Since Japan to abrogateits feudal system unaided and to maintain its sovereignty as united country, inthe meantime struggling against the Western powers it can be understood thatthe major concern of its leaders was not so much protecting traditional cultureas mastering the secrets of the western civilisation to strengthen japan. Thiswas a shared concern, including late Tokugawa thinkers, as well as those whoheld the power in the new Meiji government. For a betterunderstanding of the Japanese grand plan of modernization we can examine thediary of Kido Takayoshi, a councilor of state and most powerful Ch?sh? figurein the new government.”Weclearly must have schools if we are to encourage our country’s development ascivilized country, improve ordinary people’s knowledge, establish the power ofthe state, and maintain our independence and sovereignty. It is not enough tohave a few able men make good; nothing is more important than schools.

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” ( KidoTakayoshi, 1933, vol.2 pp.126-27)What Kido is sayinghere is that the Meiji government’s ability of create a new developed countrydepend on how well structure is the Japanese education.

On February 1, 1872 theMinistry of Education announced the “establishment of public elementary schoolsand schools of western studies in the Tokyo metropolitan prefecture”.( IrokawaDaikichi, 1985; 54-55)(The idea was to getrid of the feudal system ruled by the daimy? –one of the great lords who werevassals of the shogun—to create a more centralised government structure(Jansen, 1988; 18-19) Social problems, Japanwas divided by cast system known as shinokosho, composed by Gentry (Samurai),Farmers (N?min), Artisans (Ch?nin) and Merchants, know as well as Ch?nin.  Also marriage between members of differentclasses was prohibited.Samurai were anintegral part of the Japanese culture and lifestyle, most importantly, honouredbetween among other people. They had lots of privileges such as being able tocarry two swards (daisho) , or having a surname. Even nowadays people whodescend from a very important samurai family are treated with a huge respect.

With the end of theshogun in 1868, the military class of samurai changed drastically. In 1976,withthe Meiji government, swards were no longer aloud to be wear in public,effecting the image of the samurai, making him no longer different amongothers. Additional, the government forbidden the traditional top-knot, hairstyle,and encouraged them to wear clothes based on Western standards and expectation.They began to wear Western style hats and pocket watches, also start to wearcoats over the kimono. Major changes seem to affect the Japanese housing.

Forexample the adoption of sh?ji (door, window or room divider, usually mad of translucentpaper), engawa (??or ??)(veranda orbalcony) and fusuma (sliding wall panels) all possible because of the growingnumber of salary worker. Bigger cities started to build stone and brick constructionsand bridges, mostly designed by foreigner architects.

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