Man’s include long distances to work, high car dependence,

Topic: EconomicsInflation
Sample donated:
Last updated: August 21, 2019

Man’s development hasevolved from caves to skyscrapers, from machete to modern day machinery, fromfeet to comfortable cars and from simple well water to complex sanitation andwater supply system of today. Villages slowly gained moment and grew into big citiesand finally into magnanimous cosmopolitan cities of today. Urbanization haschanged the concept of city life forever.

The 20thCentury has witnessed the birth of many cosmopolitan cities and planned citiesas well. Examples of the major cosmopolitan cities of the world include NewYork, London, Paris, Mumbai and Karachi. These cities grew slowly overtime andtherefore have a haphazard system of civic amenities and residential patterns.

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Slums, traffic congestion and a constant constraint on the infrastructure is acommon feature of these cities. On the other hand there are planned cities suchas Canberra, Brasilia, Putrajaya, and New Delhi. These cities have propersanitation and water facilities along with proper road infrastructure which issupported by their mass transit system. However both these categories of citiesface a common phenomenon – Urban Sprawl.Urbansprawl,also known as suburban sprawl,is a complex concept, which includes the spreading outwards of a city and its suburbs to its outskirts tolow-density, auto-dependentdevelopment on rural land. As a result thesprawl has certain disadvantages, which include long distances to work, highcar dependence, inadequate civic facilities and constraint on the existinginfrastructure.

However it also associate a certain advantages to as well suchas affordable housing with more single family residences and effectiveinfrastructure in new societies which alleviates the standard of living. The purpose of this research paper is toanalyze the effects of suburban sprawl on the city of Lahore and on the livesof her residents.Lahore hasgrown rapidly (doubling in size in last ten years) to become an impressivecosmopolitan metropolitan. From a walled city — Lahore has grown into newlocalities like Defence Hosing Society and beyond. Though promenading along thecanal, between the Mall Road and the Jail Road, shining in pristine glory atnight through the heart of city, Main Boulevard or the Mall gives an idea ofarchitectural style, prosperity and aesthetic sense of its citizens but it doesnot give all.

Lahore’surban expanse has expanded into adjoining suburbs and has consumed manyvillages and agricultural land. The expansion, unplanned at that time, hasconverted Lahore into a city where all civic amenities are overburdened leftwith no more carrying capacity. And a plethora of city development agencies,LDA, WASA, TEPA, WAPDA, PTCL, the Lahore Horticultural Authority, theCantonment Board, the Model Town Society, the Defence Society, MCL, and DistrictAdministration (and more) with overlapping and ill defined roles and no body tooversee and coordinate their work, seem helpless to do anything for theworsening plight of its residents.

Alongside these, in 1980, Lahore’s 23 percent population lived in katchi abadis(slum areas). In 1986, the government tried to regulate them and providedownership rights and civic amenities to these areas but not all of them couldget them.So far thesoul of the city has survived though open spaces, greenery and peace arevanishing from the city. This process can be reversed through planning,preservation and by looking forward.

 Problem StatementIn the view of this awakening problem, the study focuses on theenvironmental hazards that have resulted due to the urban sprawl that hassprung in the city of Lahore. The research has been a primary one, conductedthrough a questionnaire survey. The results collected from the survey have beenanalyzed through graphs and charts on Microsoft Excel. Further informationregarding suburban sprawl has been searched using the internet and goingthrough various research papers available on the internet.

The questionnaireprepared was targeting the people living in both the inner Lahore and thesuburbs of Lahore. The questions were designed in a way to infer theenvironmental benefits and problems faced by the society because of suburbansprawl in Lahore. Questions like the types of diseases inflicted because of thegrowing congestion and the monthly expenditure for treatment of the diseaseswere put forth to analyze the cost associated with the sprawl. Then there was aquestion to rate the features an individual takes in consideration whilechoosing his or her residence. Through which we could evaluate the benefitspeople associate to the sprawl such as their preference towards peacefulenvironment while opting for a place to live.

A sample of 310 peoplewas retrieved and analyzed. It comprised of 61% male and 39% female.Respondents were mostly students as they were the ones who could clearlydistinguish between the inner Lahore and suburbs of Lahore. Englishquestionnaire limited the sample to literate citizen of Lahore but throughtranslating the questionnaire and interacting with illiterates in Punjabi andUrdu valuable primary information was extracted. The questionnaire wascirculated in various suburban area of Lahore such as Wapda town, Johar town,EME housing society, Bahria town and many more. Similarly many towns within theheart of Lahore were also targeted such as Gulberg, Garden town, Model town andmany more. Explaining people regarding the research being carried out andconvincing them to share their point view were problems faced during the fieldresearch.

  Literature Review & ResearchHypothesisSuburban sprawl is a natural phenomenon presentin all the major cities of the world. As already mentioned in the introductionit has its advantages and disadvantages both.

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